{"id":13332,"date":"2022-07-18T14:01:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T11:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uabio.org\/?p=13332"},"modified":"2022-09-20T17:02:31","modified_gmt":"2022-09-20T14:02:31","slug":"bioetaol-dosvid-ssha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uabio.org\/en\/materials\/13332\/","title":{"rendered":"Bioethanol: The USA experience"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The United States has the greatest experience of the using of bioethanol.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A complex and promising way, which we believe is important to talk about in Ukraine for the decarbonization of the transport sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fuel ethanol<\/strong> \u2014 is anhydrous, denatured alcohol that meets the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard specification\u00a0D4806<\/a>\u00a0for ethanol use as a fuel in spark-ignition engines.\u00a0 The largest producers: <\/strong>the USA is the world’s largest consumer of fuel ethanol, followed by Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raw materials<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Most of the fuel ethanol produced around the world is made by fermenting the sugar in the starches of grains such as corn, sorghum, and barley, and the sugar in sugar cane and sugar beets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Up to 40% of the annual corn harvest in the USA is used specifically for the production of bioethanol.<\/p>UABIO<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Denaturants\u00a0are added to ethanol to make fuel ethanol undrinkable. In the United States, nearly all fuel ethanol is produced from corn kernel starch, which is considered a\u00a0conventional\u00a0biofuel<\/strong> under the U.S.\u00a0Renewable Fuel Standard Program (RFS)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are other potential sources of ethanol other than fermentation of grain starch and sugars. Researchers have experimented with feedstocks including agriculture residues such as corn and rice stalks, fast-growing poplar and willow trees, grasses such as switchgrass that can produce two harvests a year for many years without annual replanting, and biomass in\u00a0municipal solid waste.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trees and grasses require less fuel, fertilizers, and water to grow than grains do, and they can be grown on lands that are not suitable for growing food crops. Ethanol made from these sources is called\u00a0cellulosic ethanol<\/em>\u00a0and is considered an\u00a0advanced biofuel<\/strong>\u00a0under the RFS.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, despite the technical potential for cellulosic ethanol production from those sources, economical production has been difficult to achieve. As of the end of 2020, there was no commercial cellulosic ethanol production in the United States. Brazil\u2014the world’s second-largest consumer of fuel ethanol after United States\u2014uses sugar cane to produce ethanol, which qualifies as an advanced biofuel for use in the United States under the RFS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ethanol is blended with gasoline (E0 | E10 | E15 | E85)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Nearly all of the motor gasoline now sold in the United States is about 10% ethanol by volume, and gasoline that is 10% ethanol by volume is called E10.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n